➡ From Child Welfare Information Gateway NJ:
US: Author Ties ‘Whupping’ of Black Kids to the Days of Slavery in ‘Spare the Kids’
Chronicle of Social Change – April 04, 2017
With the end of slavery, Patton states that “whupping was used as a survival tactic to teach black children proper racial etiquette so they would not risk being beaten or lynched by whites.” Even today, black parents justify whupping their children as the only way to prevent them from being shot or locked up.
https://chronicleofsocialchange.org/blogger-co-op/author-ties-whupping-black-kids-days-slavery-spare-kids/25930